Here we show two simple modulation examples.

In the first example we go from C major to G major:

1. In measures 1 and 2, the C major key is established.
2. In measure 3, the A minor chord (vi degree in C major and ii in G major) is used as a pivot chord to prepare the G major dominant.
3. In measures 4 and 5, the G major key is established.

In the second example we go from C major to A minor:

1. In measures 1 and 2, the C major key is established.
2. In measure 2, the C major chord (I degree in C major and III in A minor) is used as a pivot chord to prepare the A minor dominant.
3. In measures 3 and 4, the A minor key is established.

 

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