The structure of the Invention no. 4 is similar to a fugue with presentations of the subject connected by episodes.
| Subject presentation or exposition | Measures 1 to 5 | D minor | 
| Episode | Measures 5 to 18 | From D minor to F major | 
| Subject presentation in F major and A minor followed by episodes | Measures 18 to 38 | From F major to A minor | 
| Last subject presentation | Measures 38 to 52 | G minor, F major and D minor | 
| Complete Invention | ||
  
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