Reference

Symbols for specifying octaves

Some of the most important systems for specifying the octave of a note are shown below:

1. Helmholtz. Developed by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1863.
2. English system.
3. Italian system. It uses note names do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-si. The French system is the same but it uses ut instead of do.
4. Scientific system.
5. MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) system. 60 = middle C, 61 would be C# or Db, 62 = D, etc.

© 2011 J. Rodríguez Alvira

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